미국 전역이 경악하고 있는 캘리포니아 발의안 AB495

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By 김태오 목사 / 새라킴 사모 - 다음세댁 가치관 정립 & 보호 단체 설립자 / 공동대표 8.13.25

AB 495 발의안에 반드시 반대해야 할 주요 이유들 참고로, 아래의 내용들은 법에 대해 전문적으로 함께 동역하는 법률단체들의 내용을 번역 및 한인분들이 이해하기 쉽게 풀어서 적은 내용들입니다. 일부러 영문과 한글 순서로 적었습니다.

A. The Bill Places Children Directly in Harm’s Way.

AB 495 is a child trafficker’s and kidnapper’s dream. There are over 300,000 unaccounted-for children who have crossed the border. Human and sex-trafficking has replaced drugs as the most lucrative criminal enterprise. Just last month, an ICE raid at two cannabis farms in California discovered ten laborers who were minors, eight who were unaccompanied, and one who was only 14. If the true intent of the bill is to protect children, it misses the mark, and will have precisely the opposite effect. With this bill, any adult armed with an affidavit can claim a relationship with any child and put her to work as a slave laborer or sex worker.

A.  이 법안은 '아동 보호' 라는 말로 또 한번 잘 포장했지만, 실제로는 미성년 아동들을 심각한 위험에 직접적으로 빠뜨립니다.

AB 495는 아동 인신매매범과 납치범들이 꿈꿔오던 그들에게는 최상의 법이 될것입니다.

지난 행정부를 통해 4년간만 계산해도 국경을 넘은 행방불명 아동이 30만 명이 넘는다는 리포트입니다. 인신매매와 성매매는 가장 수익성이 높은 범죄 사업으로, 마약범죄를 뛰어 넘을 정도입니다. 지난달 캘리포니아의 마리화나 농장 두 곳을 급습한 ICE는 미성년자 10명, 어른이 없이 온 아동 8명, 겨우 14세에 불과한 1명의 노동자까지도 발견했습니다.

이 법안의 의도가 어린이를 보호하는 것이라고 포장하지만 , 이 법안이 통과되면 발의안에 적힌글과는  정반대의 결과를 가져올 것입니다. 왜냐하면 아동과 관련된 진술서를 소지한 성인이라면 누구나 아동을 노예 노동자(slave laborer)나 성 노동자(sex worker)로 일하게 할 수 있습니다. (** 캘리포니아에서 사시는분들은 이런 성노동자도 자주 보셔서 아실것입니다.)

B. AB 495 Abrogates Parental Rights.

For thirty years, California has permitted non-parents limited control of children where there is a familial connection through a Caregiver’s Authorization Affidavit. See Senate Bill 592 (1994). Over those thirty years, the California legislation has expanded the authority of caretakers, removing and adding back a requirement for parental consent. The current iteration of the law- Family Code §6550, for all intents and purposes, completely obviates parental consent and permits any adult who claims to be living with the child to control the child’s school enrollment and consent to any requisite school-related medical care. The law contains no restrictions as to who that adult can be for purposes of school enrollment and school-related medical treatments and living arrangements, but does restrict who it can be if that adult wants to consent to medical or mental health treatments beyond those required for school enrollment. Only a caretaker who is a relative (spouse, parent, stepparent, brother, sister, stepbrother or sister, half-brother or sister, uncle, aunt, niece, nephew, first cousin, or a grandparent or the spouse of any those listed even if the marriage was terminated) could authorize those treatments with a simple declaration that the parent does not object or that the caregiver could not contact the parent. In other words, the legislature has been trampling on parental rights for more than 30 years, empowering family members to take the place of parents without any judicial process, while avoiding well-established child welfare processes that are designed for the safety of the children and reunification of the child to the parents. These actions are contrary to the Constitution and Supreme Court precedents and this legislature has no authority to summarily grant caretaking authority of a child to a strange adult.^[2]

B.   AB 495는 자녀에 대한 부모의 권리를 폐지합니다.

지난 30년 동안 캘리포니아에서는 간병인 승인 진술서라는 것을 통해  부모가 아닌 사람(caregiver)이  '보호자' 라는 명목아래 자녀를 제한적으로 통제할 수 있도록 허용해 왔습니다. (상원 법안 592(1994) 참조) . 그 후 30년 동안 캘리포니아 법은 그런 보호자(caregiver, caretaker)의 권한을 확대하여 부모의 동의 요건을 삭제하거나 다시 추가했습니다.

현재 개정된 법, 즉 가족법 §6550은 그런 이들의 의도와 목적을 위해 부모의 동의를 완전히 없애고 자녀와 함께 살고 있다고 주장하는 성인(caregiver, 자칭 보호자)이 자녀의 학교 등록을 통제하고 필요한 학교 관련 의료 서비스에 동의할 수 있도록 허용한다는 무서운 사실입니다.

AB495 에는 학교 등록과 학교 관련 치료 및 생활 준비를 위해 해당 성인이 누구일 수 있는지에 대한 제한이 없으며, 학교 등록에 필요한 것 이외의 의료 또는 정신 건강 치료에 동의하려는 경우 해당 성인이 누구일 수 있는지는 제한되어 있지만.... "제한" 된 "친척"(배우자, 부모, 계부모, 형제, 자매, 이복형제 또는 자매, 이복형제 또는 자매, 삼촌, 이모, 조카, 조카, 일촌, 조부모 또는 결혼이 종료된 경우에도 나열된 사람들의 배우자)이면, 보호자(caretaker)의 권한이 주어집니다. 발의안 내용상, 그 보호자만 부모가 반대하지 않는다는 내용, 그리고  보호자가 부모와 연락할 수 없다는 등의 간단한 상황 설명 및 선언을 통해 이러한 (미성년 성전환) 치료를 승인할 수 있는 매우 심각하게 위험한 법입니다.

이러한 조치는 헌법과 대법원 판례에 위배될 뿐 아니라, 입법부는 낯선 성인에게 아동의 양육 권한을 일괄적으로 부여할 권한이 없음에도 불구하고[2], 캘리포니아 입법부는 30년 이상 부모의 권리를 짓밟고 사법적 절차 없이 가족 구성원이 부모를 대신할 수 있도록 권한을 부여하는 한편, 아동의 안전과 부모와의 재결합을 위해 고안된 아동 복지 절차를 회피하고 있습니다.

C. AB 495 Allows Any Adult Who Knows a Child’s Name and Birthdate to Claim Caretaking Authority Over That Child.

AB 495 permits ANY ADULT to claim caretaking authority over a child if the child’s parents cannot be found or if a person 18 years or older claims that the parent cannot be found. If AB 495 passes, it will be possible for this to be accomplished with a one-page affidavit, after which a strange adult can claim a child as his own, control the child’s schooling, medical procedures and move the child into his home or anywhere else in the state or out of state.

AB 495 outlines two categories of adults who can claim the child. The first is a “relative,” defined as “an adult who is related to the child by blood, adoption, or affinity within the fifth degree of kinship, including all stepparents, stepsiblings, and all relatives whose status is preceded by the words ’great,’ ‘great-great,’ or ‘grand,’ or the spouse of any of the persons specified in this definition, even after the marriage has been terminated by death or dissolution.” See Sec. 4 of AB 495, Section 6550 of the Family Code (a)(3)(emphasis added). This absurdly expansive definition permits a person who has no blood relationship with the child to claim her, including a husband, brother, uncle, nephew, or cousin from the non-blood related family line five times removed, which could encompass thousands of persons with no true familial connection with the child.

C.   AB 495는 어떤 성인이든지 아동의 이름과 생년월일을 알고 있다면  해당 아동에 대한 보호 권한을 주장할 수 있도록 허용합니다.

AB 495는 아동의 부모를 찾을 수 없거나 18세 이상의 사람이 부모를 찾을 수 없다고 주장만 해도  어떤 성인이든 아동에 대한 보호 권한을 주장할 수 있도록 허용하고 있습니다.

AB 495가 통과되면  한 장짜리 진술서 한 장으로 아무 아동이라도 자신의 자녀로 주장하고,

아동의 학교 교육, 의료 절차를 통제하고, 아동을 자신의 집이나 주 내 또는 타주로 옮길 수 있게 됩니다. (사실, 이런 일들이 이미 한인가정에서도 점점 일어나고 있기에 법으로까지 통과되면 상상할수없는 일들이 일어날것이 훤함.)

AB 495는 자녀를 주장할 수 있는 성인을 두 가지 범주로 분류합니다.

첫 번째는 "친척"으로, "아동과 혈연, 입양 또는 5촌 이내의 친족 관계에 있는 성인으로, 모든 양부모, 의붓형제 및 '증조', '고조' 또는 '대(grand)'라는 단어가 앞에 붙는 모든 친척 또는 결혼이 사망 또는 해체로 종료된 후에도 이 정의에 명시된 사람의 배우자"로 정의됩니다.

AB 495 발의안의 가족법 6550(a)(3)(강조 추가/ 섹션 4 참조).

이 터무니없이 광범위한 정의는 자녀와 혈연 관계가 없는 사람이 자녀로 청구할 수 있도록 허용하며, 여기에는 남편, 형제, 삼촌, 조카 또는 5촌 이내의 비혈연 혈통의 사촌이 포함될 수 있어 자녀와 진정한 가족 관계가 없는 수천 명의 사람이 포함될 수 있습니다.

As if that was not alarming enough, the bill also defines another category of adult who can claim the child, namely, a “nonrelative extended family member,” defined as “any adult caregiver who has an established familial or mentoring relationship with the child or who has an established familial relationship with a relative of the child.” See Sec. 4 of AB 495, Section 6550 of the Family Code (a)(2)(emphasis added). This definition encompasses just about anyone whom the child might meet online or in person, who could then claim a “mentoring relationship” with that child, or anyone who knows a family member of the child.  One would be hard pressed to describe a person who would not fall within that unbounded definition of a who can be a caregiver.

AB495는 또한 아동을 청구할 수 있는 또 다른 범주의 성인, 즉 "비친족 확대 가족 구성원"을 명시하며, 그것을 "아동과 가족 또는 멘토링 관계가 있거나 아동의 친척과 가족 관계가 있는 모든 성인 보호자"으로 정의합니다. AB 495의 섹션 4, 가족법 6550(a)(2)(강조 추가) 참조.

이 정의에는 아동이 온라인 또는 직접 만나 아동과 '멘토링 관계'를 맺고 있다고 주장할 수 있는 사람이나 아동의 가족 구성원을 아는 사람이 모두 포함될 수 있습니다. 아동의 보호자가 될 수 있는 사람에 대한 이러한 무한한 정의에 해당하지 않는 사람을 찾기 어려울 정도입니다.

The alleged “mentor” would then just need to allege that he is “unable to contact the parent(s) or other person(s) having legal custody of the minor at this time, to notify them of my intended authorization,” see Section 5 of AB 495, Section 6552 of the Family Code, and presto, he would have authority over that child.

Incredibly, the bill directs school employees to refrain from contacting Child Protective Services if a stranger starts dropping the child off at school or picking her up. See Section 3 of AB 495, Section 234.7 of the Education Code. There is no need to ensure that the new “caregiver” is who he says he is on the unverified affidavit, which does not even need to be notarized.

'멘토'로 인정되는 사람은, 현재 미성년자의 법적 양육권을 가진 부모 또는 다른 사람에게 연락하여 “내가 의도한 권한을 통지할 수 없다"고 주장하기만 하면, AB 495의 섹션 5, 가족법 섹션 6552에 의거하여 해당 아동에 대한 권한을 갖게 됩니다.

놀랍게도 이 법AB 495법안은 낯선 사람이 자녀를 학교에 데려다 주거나 데리러 오는 경우 학교 직원이 아동 보호 서비스에 연락하지 않도록 지시하고 있습니다. (AB 495의 섹션 3, 교육법 234.7항을 참조).

확인되지도 않은 진술서를 가지고 새로운 '보호자'가 자신이 말한 사람이 맞는지 확인하는 절차는 아무런 의미도 없게됩니다.

There is no requirement that the caregiver’s identity be adequately verified. Acceptable forms of identification include a social security number or Medi-Cal insurance card number—just the number, not the actual card—as well as other unspecified forms of identification. Might a Costco membership card suffice? The school is not required, nor is it equipped, to verify the true identity of the alleged caregiver. Schools are not equipped to verify social security numbers or to ensure that the address and contact information the claiming adult provides is accurate. Despite this, the school employee must hand the child over to the unknown adult, who can then abscond with the child, enroll her in another school, or simply traffic her. Pursuant to the bill, the school employees will face no legal liability for relying upon fake, unverified affidavits and placing a child into the arms of random adults. There is no notification to the parent, no due process, no child welfare agency involvement—only a piece of paper and a school employee with no obligation or authority to double-check the validity of the claim to the child—standing between a child and a potential predator.

이 법안에는 보호자의 신원을 적절히 확인할 아무런 절차가 없습니다.

허용되는 신분증에는 주민등록번호 또는 Medi-Cal 보험 카드 번호(실제 카드가 아닌 번호만) 및 기타 지정되지 않은 신분증도 포함됩니다. Costco 멤버십 카드정도로도 충분할지 모릅니다.

AB495 는 학교는 보호자로 추정되는 사람의 실제 신원을 확인할 의무가 없다고 되어 있으며,

실제로는 그럴 장비도 갖추고 있지 않습니다. 학교는 주민등록번호를 확인하거나 보호자라고 주장하는 성인이 제공한 주소 및 연락처 정보가 정확한지 확인할 수 있는 장비를 갖추고 있지 않음에도 불구하고 학교 직원은 신원을 알 수 없는 성인에게 아이를 넘겨야 하며, 이 성인은 아이를 데리고 도망가거나 다른 학교에 등록하거나 단순히 아이를 범죄집단에 넘겨줄 수 있습니다.

AB495 에 따르면, 학교 직원은 확인되지 않은 가짜 진술서에 의존하여 아이를 임의의 성인에게 맡긴 것이 발견되어도 법적 책임을 지지 않습니다.

부모에 대한 통지, 적법한 절차, 아동 복지 기관의 개입 없이 오로지 확인 절차없는 종이 한 장과 아동에 대한 주장의 타당성을 재확인할 의무나 권한이 없는 학교 직원이 아동과 잠재적 범죄자 사이에 서게 됩니다. 결국 모든 위험과 피해는 고스란히 부모와 자녀가 감수해야 하는 법안이 AB 495입니다.

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